“Passaporte, Por Favor!”: Resistência Subversiva no Posto de Controlo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21814/rlec.6264Palavras-chave:
afirmação subversiva, vigilância, segurança aeroportuária e fronteiriça, passaportes, (i)mobilidadeResumo
Entre 2016 e 2017, o artista Mahmoud Obaidi exibiu a sua instalação, Fair Skies (Céus Justos), no Mathaf: Museu Árabe de Arte Moderna, em Doha, no Catar. Na instalação, incluiu uma série de vídeos de animação em stop motion com bonecos de plástico. Os vídeos recriavam um confronto real que o artista viveu ao tentar embarcar num avião no Aeroporto Internacional George Bush, em Houston, Texas, em 2009. A obra critica as restrições de viagem baseadas na perfilação étnica/racial imposta a indivíduos provenientes de países de maioria árabe e/ou muçulmana. Em 2018, Nadia Gohar criou Self Portrait (Passport Photo Do’s & Don’ts) [Autorretrato (O Que Fazer e Não Fazer Numa Foto de Passaporte)], uma peça composta por fotografias que consistia em autorretratos da artista vestindo diversos artigos de roupa, enquadrados no formato de fotos de passaporte. Algumas fotografias mostram Gohar a usar óculos, um hijab branco ou um niqab preto, outras imagens estão superexpostas ou subexpostas. A sua obra é uma reação às restrições impostas aos pedidos de passaporte e cidadania, às fotografias e a como certos elementos culturais ou religiosos dificultam a aprovação. No terceiro exemplo, o artista Khaled Jarrar afirma a soberania palestiniana ao utilizar passaportes e selos postais estampados com símbolos associados à cultura palestiniana. Live and Work in Palestine (Viver e Trabalhar na Palestina; 2009–) usa documentos oficiais de viagem, como o livro de passaporte, como símbolo de resistência contra a ocupação. O passaporte e os postos de controlo aeroportuários servem como espaços/objetos performativos onde os indivíduos devem tanto afirmar como censurar a(s) sua(s) identidade(s), dependendo dos identificadores geográficos e religiosos. Estas obras são analisadas a partir de uma perspetiva crítica, com um tom satírico, que problematiza a prática contínua de perfilação racial, étnica e religiosa conduzida por agências de controlo e segurança fronteiriça, como a Transportation Security Administration (Autoridade de Segurança dos Transportes; TSA), órgão federal do Departamento de Segurança Interna dos Estados Unidos. O artigo analisa de que modo cada obra intensifica a perfilação frequentemente exercida e aplicada pelos serviços de segurança aeroportuária, postos de controlo e agências de patrulha fronteiriça, configurando formas de controlo corporal e humilhação. Estas práticas restritivas mantêm-se em vigor — e, por vezes, são mesmo intensificadas — numa era de céus (in)justos.
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