The Accidental “Age-Friendly City”: Public Expectation and Subjective Experience in São Paulo

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21814/rlec.3649

Keywords:

smart cities, active ageing, digital divide, citizenship, accidental city

Abstract

Two optimisation projects, globally promoted, aim to respond to the challenges of contemporary urban life. The first one is Smart Cities, structured from a technological and informational apparatus that aims to make the city more efficient. The second one is Age-Friendly Cities, conceived to adapt urban environments to enable active ageing. Both projects are shaped in the neoliberal system as emancipatory proposals to empower citizens for participatory citizenship in the city. This article proposes that smart cities demand new skills for active ageing, causing challenges for age-friendly cities regarding digital inclusion and digital literacy. Bringing this discussion into the Brazilian context, we propose that for the elderly, none of these projects is wholly carried out. However, from an ethnographic perspective, we have mapped how a group of older adults in São Paulo builds their own informational network (centred on WhatsApp), enabling participatory and belonging instances from a perspective that comes “from below”. From this mismatch between urban projects and experience, we point to the emergence of an accidental city that is informally smart and age-friendly.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Marília Duque, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação e Práticas de Consumo, Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing, São Paulo, Brazil

Marília Duque holds a PhD and a master’s degree in communication and consumption practices from the Postgraduate Program in Communication and Consumption Practices — Higher School of Advertising and Marketing of São Paulo. During her PhD, she carried out a research internship in anthropology at University College London. She is currently a researcher at the Anthropology of Smartphones and Smart Aging project, based at University College London, and MediaLab ESPM (Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing; Higher School of Advertising and Marketing). She holds a bachelor’s degree in social communication with a specialisation in advertising from the School of Communication and Arts — University of São Paulo.

Adriana Lima de Oliveira, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação e Práticas de Consumo, Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing, São Paulo, Brazil

Adriana Lima de Oliveira Oliveira holds a PhD and a master’s degree in communication and consumption practices from the Postgraduate Program in Communication and Consumption Practices — Higher School of Advertising and Marketing of São Paulo. During her PhD, she carried out a research internship in communication and media studies at Nova University Lisbon. She is currently a researcher at the research group Biocon: Communication, Discourse and Consumption Biopolitics (Higher School of Advertising and Marketing de São Paulo ) and an executive member of the Higher School of Advertising and Marketing de São Paulo committee on human rights. She is a specialist in communication management: politics, education and culture from the School of Communication and Arts — University of São Paulo. She holds a bachelor’s degree in social communication, specialising in advertising from Universidade Anhembi Morumbi.

References

Barbosa, A. F. (Ed.). (2020). Painel TIC COVID-19: Pesquisa sobre o uso da internet no Brasil durante a pandemia do novo coronavírus: Serviços públicos online, telesaúde e privacidade (2.ª ed.). Cetic.br; nic.br; cgi.br. https://cetic.br/media/docs/publicacoes/2/20200930180249/painel_tic_covid19_2edicao_livro%20eletr%C3%B4nico.pdf

Brasil lança sua estratégia de governo digital para 2020 a 2022. (2021, 3 de março). Gov.br. https://www.gov.br/economia/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2020/abril/brasil-lanca-sua-estrategia-de-governo-digital-para-2020-a-2022

Caixa. (s.d.). Auxílio emergencial 2021. Retirado a 16 de fevereiro de 2022 de https://www.caixa.gov.br/auxilio/auxilio2021/Paginas/default.aspx

Camarano, A. A. (2020). Os dependentes da renda dos idosos e o coronavírus: Órfãos ou novos pobres? Nota Técnica. Ipea. https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/images/stories/PDFs/nota_tecnica/200724_nt_disoc_n_81_web.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320202510.2.30042020

Canclini, N. G. (2019). Ciudadanos reemplazados por algorítmos. Centro Maria Sibylla Merian; Universidad de Guadalajara. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2f9xs19

Carpentier, N. (2012). The concept of participation. If they have access and interact, do they really participate? Revista Fronteiras, 14(2), 164–177. https://doi.org/10.4013/fem.2012.142.10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4013/fem.2012.142.10

Cidades inteligentes: Mercado deve movimentar US$ 2,1 trilhões até 2024. (2021, 26 de maio). CMA | CBIC. https://cbic.org.br/sustentabilidade/2021/05/26/cidades-inteligentes-mercado-deve-movimentar-us-21-trilhoes-ate-2024/

Collucci, C. (2019, 4 de abril). Mais de 80% dos médicos de SP dizem que já usam tecnologias para atender pacientes. Folha de S. Paulo. https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/equilibrioesaude/2019/04/mais-de-80-dos-medicos-de-sp-dizem-que-ja-usam-tecnologias-para-atender-pacientes.shtml

CPTM. (s.d.). Aplicativo da CPTM. Retirado a 16 de fevereiro de 2022 de https://www.cptm.sp.gov.br/Pages/aplicativo.aspx

Cruz, B. S. (2018, 13 de junho). Quer WhatsApp, Facebook e Insta de graça? Veja planos com dados ilimitados. TILT uol. https://www.uol.com.br/tilt/noticias/redacao/2018/06/13/operadoras-que-oferecem-planos-com-dados-ilimitados.htm

Dardot, P., & Laval, P. (2016). A nova razão do mundo: Ensaio sobre a sociedade neoliberal (M. Echalar, Trad.). Boitempo. (Trabalho original publicado em 2009)

Debert, G. G. (1997). A invenção da terceira idade e a rearticulação de formas de consumo e demandas políticas. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais, 12(34), 39–56.

Dunn, P., & Hazzard, E. (2019). Technology approaches to digital health literacy. International Journal of Cardiology, 293, 294–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.06.039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.06.039

Duque, M. (2021a). Homo resiliens: Moralidades e resistências da velhice mediada por smartphones em São Paulo [Tese de doutoramento, Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing]. TEDE. http://tede2.espm.br/handle/tede/566

Duque, M. (2021b). Performing healthy ageing through images: From broadcasting to silence. Global Media and China, 6(3), 303–324. https://doi.org/10.1177/2059436420975221 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2059436420975221

Duque, M. (2022). Ageing with smartphones in urban Brazil: A work in progress. UCL Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.9781787359963

Felix, P. (2018, 5 de dezembro). Médicos aprovam o WhatsApp para falar com paciente. Estadão. https://saude.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,medicos-aprovam-whatsapp-para-falar-com-paciente,70002633563

Figueiredo, G. M. P. (2016). Cidades inteligentes no contexto brasileiro: A importância de uma reflexão crítica. In C. C. Cabral & C. E. Comas (Eds.), Anais IV Enanparq: Encontro da Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo. PROPAR; UFRGS.

Gomes, S. R. (2021, 4 de maio). WhatsApp solidário! Exemplo exitoso de políticas públicas em SP. Portal do Envelhecimento e Longeviver.

https://www.portaldoenvelhecimento.com.br/whatsapp-solidario-exemplo-exitoso-de-politicas-publicas-em-sp/

Gonzalez, C., & Katz, V. S. (2016). Transnational family communication as a driver of technology adoption. International Journal of Communication, 10, 2683–2703. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/5321

Grizzle, A., & Singh, J. (2016). Five laws of media and information literacy (MIL). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/Events/mil_five_laws_english.png

Karasinski, E. (2009, 21 de setembro). A história do email. Tecmundo. https://www.tecmundo.com.br/web/2763-a-historia-do-email.htm

Kickbusch, I. S. (2001). Health literacy: Addressing the health and education divide. Health Promotion International, 16(3), 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/16.3.289 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/16.3.289

Lemos, A. (2007). Cidade e mobilidade. Telefones celulares, funções pós-massivas e territórios informacionais. Matrizes, 1(1), 121–137. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1982-8160.v1i1p121-137 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1982-8160.v1i1p121-137

Libânio, C. de S., Zitkus, E., & Pimenta, A. (2021). Case study 4: Brazil – Public healthcare access for older people: Accessibility of the public healthcare services to the Brazilian elderly population during the COVID-19 pandemic. In E. Tsekleves (Ed.), The little book of global health design (Vol. 1, pp. 28–31). ImaginationLancaster.

Mauss, M. (2003). Sociologia e antropologia (P. Neves, Trad.). Cosac & Naify. (Trabalho original publicado em 1960)

Mobile Time & Opinion Box. (2021). Mensageria no Brasil. https://www.mobiletime.com.br/pesquisas/mensageria-no-brasil-fevereiro-de-2021/

Morozov, E., & Bria F. (2019). A cidade inteligente: Tecnologias urbanas e democracia (H. Amaral, Trad.). Ubu Editora. (Trabalho original publicado em 2018)

Morris, J. W., & Murray, S. (Eds.). (2018). Appified: Culture in the age of apps. University of Michigan Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.9391658

Nedelcu, M. (2017). Transnational grandparenting in the digital age: Mediated co-presence and childcare in the case of Romanian migrants in Switzerland and Canada. European Journal of Ageing, 14(4), 375–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-017-0436-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-017-0436-1

Neirotti, P., Marco, A., Cagliano, A. C., Mangano, G., & Scorrano, F. (2014). Current trends in smart city initiatives: Some stylised facts. Cities, 38, 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.12.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.12.010

Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR. (Ed.). (2021). TIC domicílios: Pesquisa sobre o uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação nos domicílios brasileiros. Cgi.br. https://cetic.br/media/docs/publicacoes/2/20211124201233/tic_domicilios_2020_livro_eletronico.pdf

Obst, L. (s.d.). Tecnologia e inovação se conectam à longevidade. Longevidade, (14).

Participe+. (s.d.). O Participe+ é a casa dos processos participativos online da cidade de São Paulo. Retirado a 16 de fevereiro de 2022 de https://participemais.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/help

Plaza, D., & Plaza, L. (2019). Facebook and WhatsApp as elements in transnational care chains for the Trinidadian Diaspora. Genealogy, 3(15), 55–74. https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy3020015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy3020015

Prado, A. M. (2016). O jeitinho brasileiro: Uma revisão bibliográfica. Horizonte Científico, 10(1), i–xxii. https://seer.ufu.br/index.php/horizontecientifico/article/view/33308

Projeção da população 2018: Número de habitantes do país deve parar de crescer em 2047. (2018, 1 de agosto). Agência IBGE. https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/21837-projecao-da-populacao-2018-numero-de-habitantes-do-pais-deve-parar-de-crescer-em-2047

Pype, K. (2017). Smartness from below: Variations on technology and creativity in contemporary Kinshasa. In C. C. Mavhunga (Ed.), What do science, technology, and innovation mean from Africa? (pp. 97–115). The MIT Press.

Rocha, E., & Padovani, S. (2016). Usabilidade e acessibilidade em smartphones: Identificação de características do envelhecimento e suas implicaçõe para o design de interface de smartphones. Ergodesign & HCI, 4, 58–66. https://doi.org/10.22570/ergodesignhci.v4iEspecial.119 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22570/ergodesignhci.v4iEspecial.119

Rose, N. (2001). The politics of life itself. Theory, Culture & Society, 18(6), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/02632760122052020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/02632760122052020

Rose, N., & Novas, C. (2007). Biological citizenship. In A. Ong & S. J. Collier (Eds.), Global assemblages: Technology, politics, and ethics as anthropological problems (pp. 439–463). Blackwell Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470696569.ch23

Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1997). Successful aging. The Gerontologist, 37(4), 433–440. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/37.4.433 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/37.4.433

Santana, S., Lausen, B., Bujnowska-Fedak, M., Chronaki, C. E., Prokosch, H. U., & Wynn, R. (2011). Informed citizen and empowered citizen in health: Results from an European survey. BMC Family Practice, 12(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-12-20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-12-20

Sayad, A. V., & Bonami, B. (2019). Literacia midiática e informacional em qualquer lugar, a qualquer instante. In M. H. Yanaze & F. C. Ortiz (Eds.), Marketing, comunicação, tecnologia & inovação nas cidades MIL (pp. 221–241). ECA-USP.

Schramm, F. R. (2009). O uso problemático do conceito ‘vida’ em bioética e suas interfaces com a práxis biopolítica e os dispositivos de biopoder. Revista Bioética, 17(3), 377–389. https://revistabioetica.cfm.org.br/index.php/revista_bioetica/article/view/505

Simonofski, A., Asensio, E. S., Smedt, J., & Snoeck, M. (2017). Citizen participation in smart cities: Evaluation framework proposal. In D. Diaz, Y. Manolopoulos, B. Theodoulidis, & M. Zaki (Eds.), 2017 IEEE 19th Conference on Business Informatics (Vol. 1, pp. 227–236). https://doi.org/10.1109/CBI.2017.21 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CBI.2017.21

SP Notícias. (s.d.). CNH digital SP. Retirado a 16 de fevereiro de 2022 de https://www.prefeituradesp.com.br/cnh-digital-sp/

Swan, M. (2012). Health 2050: The realization of personalized medicine through crowdsourcing, the quantified self, and the participatory biocitizen. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 2(3), 93–118. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm2030093 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm2030093

Taipale, S., & Farinosi, M. (2018). The big meaning of small messages: The use of WhatsApp in intergeneration family communication. In J. Zhou & G. Salvendy (Eds.), Human aspects of IT for the aged population. Acceptance, communication and participation (pp. 532–546). Springer International Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92034-4_40

Temóteo, A., Andrade, H. de., & Mazieiro, G. (2019, 12 de novembro). Congresso promulga reforma da Previdência. Uol. https://economia.uol.com.br/noticias/redacao/2019/11/12/congresso-promulga-reforma-da-previdencia.htm

United Nations. (1983). Vienna international plan of action on aging. https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/ageing/documents/Resources/VIPEE-English.pdf

United Nations. (2002). Political declarations and Madrid international plan of action on ageing. https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/ageing/MIPAA/political-declaration-en.pdf

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2018). Media and information literate cities. https://en.unesco.org/milcities

Vanolo, A., & Lombardi, P. (2015). Smart city as a mobile technology: Critical perspectives on urban development policies. In M. P. Rodriguez-Bolivar (Ed.), Transforming city governments for sucessful smart cities (pp. 147–161), Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03167-5_8

Vielma, J. I. (2016). Ciudad accidental: La distancia contemporánea entre proyecto y experiencia. In S. Colmenares (Ed.), II International Conference on Architectural Design and Criticism: Digital proceedings (pp. 426–443). critic|all PRESS. http://criticall.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Criticall-II_Proceedings.pdf

Webb, L. M. (2015). Research on technology and the family: From misconceptions to more accurate understandings. In C. J. Bruess (Ed.), Family communication in the age of digital and social media (pp. 3–31). Peter Lang Publishing.

World Health Organization. (2002). Active ageing: A policy framework. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/67215

World Health Organization. (Ed.). (2007). Global age-friendly cities: A guide. https://www.who.int/ageing/publications/Global_age_friendly_cities_Guide_English.pdf

Published

2022-06-29

How to Cite

Duque, M., & Oliveira, A. L. de. (2022). The Accidental “Age-Friendly City”: Public Expectation and Subjective Experience in São Paulo. Lusophone Journal of Cultural Studies, 9(1), 67–86. https://doi.org/10.21814/rlec.3649