Laços Duradouros, Tensão Filial e Temporalidade em Famílias Transnacionais Sino-Alemãs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21814/rlec.7112Palavras-chave:
sandaitongtang, jinxiaodao, tianlunzhile, moralidade filial, constrangimentos emocionaisResumo
O presente estudo analisa de que modo mães migrantes chinesas, casadas com cônjuges alemães, sustentam e reinterpretam a devoção filial (尽孝道) no seio de famílias transnacionais sino-alemãs. Embora estes agregados familiares se assemelhem a famílias nucleares “modernas” na Alemanha, estas mulheres mantêm-se orientadas, do ponto de vista moral pelo ideal confucionista da família de três gerações (三代同堂). A aspiração à copresença intergeracional molda o seu trabalho emocional e as suas obrigações para com os pais na China, gerando sentimentos ambivalentes de amor, culpa e responsabilidade. Longe de enfraquecer os laços de parentesco, a migração reconfigura a prática filial num projeto transnacional, concretizado através de comunicação afetiva, visitas prolongadas e esforços simbólicos para reproduzir, à distância, formas de relacionalidade entre três gerações. Com base numa abordagem etnográfica colaborativa (Lassiter, 2005; Rappaport, 2008), ancorada numa rede de amizade de mães migrantes chinesas, o estudo mobiliza conversas, registos emocionais e mensagens de WeChat para acompanhar os momentos em que a moralidade filial é mobilizada. Os resultados demonstram a forma como estas mulheres alimentam e reinscrevem a ética filial em contexto migratório, desafiando pressupostos sobre o desaparecimento da moralidade filial durante a migração.
Downloads
Referências
Adam, B. (1990). Time and social theory. Polity Press.
Adam, B. (2004). Time. Polity Press.
Ames, R. T., & Rosemont, H., Jr. (2009). The Chinese classic of family reverence: A philosophical translation of the Xiaojing. University of Hawai‘i Press.
Baldassar, L., & Merla, L. (Eds.). (2014). Transnational families, migration and the circulation of care: Understanding mobility and absence in family life. Routledge.
Barbalet, J. (2025). Intergenerational family relations in reform China: Background and context. The Sociological Review, 73(4), 735–752. https://doi.org/10.1177/00380261251347725
Carsten, J. (Ed.). (2000). Cultures of relatedness: New approaches to the study of kinship. Cambridge University Press.
Carsten, J. (2004). After kinship. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511800382
Davies, C. A. (2008). Reflexive ethnography: A guide to researching selves and others (2nd ed.). Routledge.
England, K. V. L. (1994). Getting personal: Reflexivity, positionality, and feminist research. The Professional Geographer, 46(1), 80–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-0124.1994.00080.x
Fong, V. L. (2004). Only hope: Coming of age under China’s one-child policy. Stanford University Press.
Furstenberg, F. F., Harris, L. E., Pesando, L. M., & Reed, M. N. (2020). Kinship practices among alternative family forms in Western industrialized societies. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(5), 1403–1430. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12712
Hammersley, M., & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in practice (4th ed.). Routledge.
Ikels, C. (Ed.). (2004). Filial piety: Practice and discourse in contemporary East Asia. Stanford University Press.
Kilkey, M., & Merla, L. (2014). Situating transnational families’ care-giving arrangements: The role of institutional contexts. Global Networks, 14(2), 210–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12034
Kleinman, A. (1999). Experience and its moral modes: Culture, human conditions, and disorder. In G. B. Peterson (Ed.), The Tanner lectures on human values (Vol. 20, pp. 357–420). University of Utah Press.
Lassiter, L. E. (2005). The Chicago guide to collaborative ethnography. University of Chicago Press.
Legge, J. (Trad.). (1967). Li Chi: Book of rites (Vols. 27–28). Dover.
Liu, J. (2023). Filial piety, love or money? Foundations of old-age support in urban China. Journal of Aging Studies, 64, Article 101104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2023.101104
Liu, J. (2024). Ageing and familial support: A three-generation portrait from urban China. Ageing & Society, 44(5), 1204–1230. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X22000861
Lück, D., Ruckdeschel, K., & Diabaté, S. (2018). Clear in its core, blurred in the outer contours: Culturally normative conceptions of the family in Germany. European Societies, 20(5), 715–742. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2018.1473624
Parreñas, R. S. (2005). Long-distance intimacy: Class, gender, and intergenerational relations between mothers and children in Filipino transnational families. Global Networks, 5(4), 317–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2005.00122.x
Rappaport, J. (2008). Beyond participant observation: Collaborative ethnography as theoretical innovation. Collaborative Anthropologies, 1, 1–31. https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cla.0.0014
Qi, X. (2015). Filial obligation in contemporary China: Evolution of the culture-system. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 45(1), 141–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12052
Sahlins, M. (2013). What kinship is—And is not. University of Chicago Press.
Shi, J. (2017). The evolvement of family intergenerational relationships in transition: Mechanism, logic, and tension. The Journal of Chinese Sociology, 4(1), Article 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40711-017-0068-z
Stafford, C. (2000). Separation and reunion in modern China. Cambridge University Press.
Tu, M. (2016). Chinese one-child families in the age of migration: Middle-class transnational mobility, ageing parents, and the changing role of filial piety. Journal of Chinese Sociology, 3, Article 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40711-016-0036-z
Yan, Y. (2016). Intergenerational intimacy and descending familism in rural North China. American Anthropologist, 118(2), 244–257.
Yeh, K.-H., Yi, C.-C., & Tsao, W.-C. (2013). Filial piety in contemporary Chinese societies: A comparative study of Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China. International Sociology, 28(3), 277–296. https://doi.org/10.1177/026858091348434
Zeng, Z., & Xie, Y. (2014). The Effects of Grandparents on Children’s Schooling: Evidence from Rural China. Demography, 51(2), 599–617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-013-0275-4
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Jiayin Li-Gottwald
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0.
Os autores são titulares dos direitos de autor, concedendo à revista o direito de primeira publicação. O trabalho é licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons - Atribuição 4.0 Internacional.
